What Early Pregnancy Scans Can and Can’t Tell You
The early stage of pregnancy is an exciting time for most, right from that first positive test. Then comes the anticipation, and for some it can also be a time of anxiety. Whether you’re expecting your first baby, or adding to your family number, understanding what happens during your early scans can help you feel more informed, prepared, and give you a boost of confidence if you need it. At The Surrey Park Clinic, we like to arm our patients with practical information, and that starts with one of the most common tools used in early pregnancy care – ultrasound scans.
What Is an Ultrasound Scan?
An ultrasound scan uses sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. In pregnancy, this allows you to see the developing baby without the use of radiation. It’s a safe, painless procedure with no harmful effects to you or your baby.
Ultrasound scans can be performed externally, with a probe moved across the abdomen, and internally (or transvaginally) which is sometimes used in very early pregnancy for clearer imaging.
Early Pregnancy Scans
Most people in the UK are offered at least two routine scans during pregnancy. These are a dating scan between 11 and 14 weeks, and the anomaly scan between 18 and 21 weeks. But what happens if you want or need a scan before 12 weeks?
Early scans, also known as viability scans, are often used if there are medical reasons like bleeding or pain, a history of miscarriage, or to rule out an ectopic pregnancy. Unlike the later routine scans, early scans are not always offered to every pregnant person as standard, unless there’s a clinical need.
What an Early Scan Can Tell You
Confirmation of pregnancy location – an early scan can confirm that the pregnancy is located inside the uterus, and that it’s not ectopic, which can lead to a medical emergency.
- Heartbeat detection – a heartbeat can be visible on an ultrasound as early as 6-7 weeks, although it’s more common to wait until closer to 7-8 weeks for a clearer result.
- Number of babies – early scans can show whether you’re carrying a multiple baby pregnancy – useful in terms of preparing, and also to know if extra medical intervention might be needed as the pregnancy progresses.
- Gestational age and dating – measurements like crown-rump length are used to estimate how far along the pregnancy is, which helps to calculate the due date. Some due dates are worked out using the last menstrual period date, so this is far more accurate.
What an Early Scan Can’t Tell You
- Detailed anatomical information – an early scan is too early to be able to assess the baby’s organs or to detect anomalies. Those kinds of detailed checks happen later at an 18-21 week scan.
- Certain genetic conditions – while early scans are part of an overall screening process, they don’t diagnose chromosomal conditions on their own. This type of screening comes later and may involve other testing alongside the scan.
- Definite predictions about the pregnancy – you’ll always be reassured when you see a heartbeat during a scan, but it doesn’t guarantee that a pregnancy will continue. On the other hand, not seeing a heartbeat at a very early stage doesn’t necessarily mean there’s a problem – it might just be a bit too early. In these cases, you’d need to return a week or two later to check again.
Why Timing Matters
Even the best equipment has its limitations. Before around 7 weeks, the embryo is so small that purposeful imaging can be difficult. That’s why a lot of healthcare providers, including the NHS, schedule routine scan starting from around 11-12 weeks. But here at The Surrey Park Clinic, we offer early scans from 6 weeks up to 13+6 weeks.
Avoiding Misleading Results
If you feel like you need reassurance, it can be tempting to get an early scan, even from a non-clinical provider. You should only choose services where scans are carried out by trained professionals. Unregulated high street scan providers have made headlines recently for offering reassurance scans without clinical standards. Some cases lead to misdiagnosis and distress.
Understanding what early scans can and can’t tell you helps set realistic expectations, but are just part of an antenatal package, and shouldn’t be relied upon alone if you want the best care, and the most successful outcome.
At The Surrey Park Clinic, we are here to answer your questions and support you during your pregnancy, whether it’s explaining what a scan shows or helping you understand the next stages of your care. Take a look at the pregnancy scans we offer here, or get in touch with us to find out more.